Models and Applications for Risk Assessment and Prediction of Asian Soybean Rust Epidemics
نویسندگان
چکیده
Asian rust of soybean [ (L.) Merril] is one of the most important fungal diseases of this crop worldwide. The recent introduction of Syd. & P. Syd in the Americas represents a major threat is extremely aggressive under favorable weather conditions, causing rapid plant defoliation. Epidemiological studies, under both controlled and natural environmental conditions, have been done for several decades with the aim of elucidating factors that affect the disease cycle as a basis for disease modeling. The recent spread of Asian soybean rust to major production regions in the world has promoted new development, testing and application of mathematical models to assess the risk and predict the disease. These efforts have included the integration of new data, epidemiological knowledge, statistical methods, and advances in computer simulation to develop models and systems with different spatial and temporal scales, objectives and audience. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on the models and systems that have been tested to predict and assess the risk of Asian soybean rust. Limitations, uncertainties and challenges for modelers are also discussed. Additional keywords: , disease forecasting, disease simulation models, fungal aerobiology. RESUMO Modelos e aplicações de avaliação e previsão de risco de epidemias da ferrugem asiática da soja A ferrugem Asiática da soja [ (L.) Merril] é atualmente uma das mais importantes doenças foliares dessa cultura no mundo. A recente introdução de seu agente causal, o fungo Syd. & P. Syd, nas Américas relatadas. A ferrugem Asiática da soja é uma doença extremamente agressiva sob condições ambientais favoráveis, causando rápida desfolha nas plantas e danos à produção de grãos. O conhecimento epidemiológico sob condições controladas e naturais, os quais visam elucidar os fatores que afetam os processos do ciclo da doença tem sido fundamental para dar base a estudos de modelagem da epidemia. Devido à importância e recente expansão da doença para as principais áreas de produção de soja no mundo, uma nova atenção tem sido dada ao desenvolvimento, avaliação e aplicação de modelos para avaliação de risco e previsão de suas epidemias, valendo-se de avanços recentes no conhecimento epidemiológico, métodos estatísticos e simulação por computador. O conhecimento gerado tem permitido a construção de novos modelos para a previsão e avaliação de risco de doenças, os quais se diferenciam em relação aos parâmetros estimados, escala espacial ou temporal, objetivo e público alvo. Nesta revisão, é apresentada uma discussão detalhada de modelos e sistemas de previsão e avaliação Palavras-chave adicionais: , previsão de doenças de plantas, modelos de simulação de epidemias, aerobiologia de fungos. Distribution and epidemiological aspects Asian soybean rust (ASR) [ (L.) Merril] is a fungal disease ( Syd. & P. Syd) from 1902, in Japan, and during the last century the disease has been reported in several countries in Asia, as well as Hartman, 1999). ASR was thought to have spread westerly into Africa in the mid 90’s (Levy, 2005). Meanwhile, the REVISÃO / REVIEW
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